Navigating the Labyrinth: The Crucial Role of Deflection and Torque in Mastering Complex Renal Anatomy
Flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) has revolutionized how urologists diagnose and treat conditions within the kidney’s intricate collecting system. However, successfully navigating this complex, three-dimensional “labyrinth” – particularly challenging areas like the lower pole calyces – demands exceptional maneuverability from the ureteroscope. Two critical technical factors underpin this capability: deflection and torque. Understanding their importance is key

